Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 79 views

Introduction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that can cause severe infections in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and burns, particularly in hospitals. In medical practice, carbapenem group antibiotics are often used as the last resort to combat infections caused by P. aeruginosa. However, the excessive use of these antibiotics has led to the emergence of bacteria resistant to various types of drugs, known as Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR).

The Resurgence of MDR in P. aeruginosa

The resurgence of MDR in P. aeruginosa is primarily caused by the presence of genes that encode the β-lactamase metallo enzymes, such as blahimp, blandm-1, blaspm-1, and blavim-2, which are capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenem. This study focuses on the detection of resistant genes through a descriptive qualitative method, using clinical isolates from the USU Medan Hospital and H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The detection method employed is multiplex PCR, while antibiotic resistance patterns are tested using Vitek 2 Compact.

Methodology

A total of 20 clinical isolates were analyzed in this study. The results showed that 1 sample (5%) was identified as an ESBL isolate, 10 samples (50%) as penicillinase isolates, 5 samples (25%) as cephalosporinase isolates, and 4 samples (20%) as carbapenemase isolates. Furthermore, the bacterial isolates detected carrying the blahimp gene were 19 samples (95%), the blandm-1 gene were 8 samples (40%), the blaspm-1 gene were 14 samples (70%), and the BLAVIM-2 gene were 15 samples (75%). These results were obtained using positive control in the form of PU08 isolates and negative control in the form of P. Aeruginosa ATCC 27853.

Results

The results of this study indicate that the majority of the clinical isolates analyzed carried the blahimp gene, followed by the BLAVIM-2 gene, the blandm-1 gene, and the blaspm-1 gene. Interestingly, some antimicrobial test results showed a mismatch with the PCR results, which suggests the possibility of double gene expression between the isolates. This indicates that P. aeruginosa isolates can have more than one gene that contributes to resistance, resulting in the production of various proteins associated with resistance to antibiotics.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing

In testing antibiotic sensitivity, it was found that gentamicin, amikacin, tetracycline, and meropenem showed sensitivity above 80%. This suggests that these antibiotics can still be used in therapy to overcome infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa. With a deep understanding of the resistant gene and sensitivity patterns, it is expected to help in developing a more effective treatment strategy and reducing the risk of spreading resistant bacteria in hospitals.

Conclusion

This research not only highlights the importance of monitoring the resistant gene, but also provides useful information for doctors and health professionals in determining the right therapy choices for infected patients. Through further research, it is hoped that we can find a better solution to face the challenges of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Monitoring of Resistant Gene: Regular monitoring of the resistant gene is essential to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals.
Development of Effective Treatment Strategy: A more effective treatment strategy should be developed to combat infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.
Education and Awareness: Education and awareness programs should be implemented to inform healthcare professionals and patients about the importance of antibiotic use and the risks associated with resistant bacteria.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on the following areas:

Investigation of Double Gene Expression: Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of double gene expression in P. aeruginosa isolates.
Development of New Antibiotics: Research should be conducted to develop new antibiotics that can effectively combat infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.
Implementation of Infection Control Measures: Infection control measures should be implemented in hospitals to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Gene in Clinical Isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa =============================================================================================

Q: What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that can cause severe infections in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and burns, particularly in hospitals.

Q: What is the significance of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa?

A: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is a significant concern in hospitals, as it limits the treatment options for patients infected with this bacterium.

Q: What are the genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa?

A: The genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa include blahimp, blandm-1, blaspm-1, and blavim-2, which encode the β-lactamase metallo enzymes.

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to detect the resistant genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa using a descriptive qualitative method and to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of these isolates.

Q: What methods were used in this study?

A: The methods used in this study include multiplex PCR for detection of resistant genes and Vitek 2 Compact for antibiotic sensitivity testing.

Q: What were the results of this study?

A: The results of this study showed that 19 samples (95%) carried the blahimp gene, 8 samples (40%) carried the blandm-1 gene, 14 samples (70%) carried the blaspm-1 gene, and 15 samples (75%) carried the BLAVIM-2 gene.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that regular monitoring of the resistant gene is essential to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and a more effective treatment strategy should be developed to combat infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: The recommendations of this study include regular monitoring of the resistant gene, development of a more effective treatment strategy, and education and awareness programs to inform healthcare professionals and patients about the importance of antibiotic use and the risks associated with resistant bacteria.

Q: What are the future research directions of this study?

A: The future research directions of this study include investigation of double gene expression, development of new antibiotics, and implementation of infection control measures in hospitals.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the small sample size and the use of a descriptive qualitative method, which may not be representative of all clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Q: What are the conclusions of this study?

A: The conclusions of this study are that regular monitoring of the resistant gene is essential to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and a more effective treatment strategy should be developed to combat infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.