Explanation of the Program

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 134 views

Introduction

In this article, we will delve into a given program written in a basic programming language, and answer the questions that follow. The program is designed to demonstrate the concept of a 2D array and its manipulation. We will break down the code, explain each section, and provide a clear understanding of what the program does.

The Program

CLS
DIM A(3, 3)
FOR I = 1 TO 3
    FOR J = 1 TO 3
        READ A(I, J)
    NEXT J
NEXT I
FOR I = 1 TO 3
    S = 0
    FOR J = 1 TO 3
        PRINT A(I, J); S = S + A(J, I)
    NEXT J
    PRINT "="; S
NEXT I
DATA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Explanation of the Program

Initialization

The program starts by clearing the screen using the CLS statement. This is a common practice in programming to ensure that the output is not cluttered with previous results.

Declaring the 2D Array

The next line declares a 2D array A with dimensions 3x3. This means that the array will have 3 rows and 3 columns, and can store 9 elements.

DIM A(3, 3)

Reading Data into the Array

The program then uses a nested FOR loop to read data into the array. The outer loop iterates over the rows (from 1 to 3), and the inner loop iterates over the columns (from 1 to 3). For each element in the array, the READ statement reads the corresponding value from the DATA statement.

FOR I = 1 TO 3
    FOR J = 1 TO 3
        READ A(I, J)
    NEXT J
NEXT I

Calculating the Sum of Each Row

The next section of the program calculates the sum of each row in the array. The outer loop iterates over the rows (from 1 to 3), and the inner loop iterates over the columns (from 1 to 3). For each element in the row, the program adds the value to a running sum S.

FOR I = 1 TO 3
    S = 0
    FOR J = 1 TO 3
        PRINT A(I, J); S = S + A(J, I)
    NEXT J
    PRINT "="; S
NEXT I

DATA Statement

The final section of the program contains the DATA statement, which provides the values to be read into the array.

DATA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Answering the Questions

Based on the analysis of the program, we can answer the following questions:

What is the purpose of the CLS statement?

The CLS statement is used to clear the screen, ensuring that the output is not cluttered with previous results.

What is the dimension of the 2D array A?

The dimension of the 2D array A is 3x3, meaning it has 3 rows and 3 columns.

How does the program read data into the array?

The program uses a nested FOR loop to read data into the array. The outer loop iterates over the rows, and the inner loop iterates over the columns. For each element in the array, the READ statement reads the corresponding value from the DATA statement.

What is the purpose of the S variable?

The S variable is used to calculate the sum of each row in the array.

How does the program calculate the sum of each row?

The program uses a nested FOR loop to calculate the sum of each row. The outer loop iterates over the rows, and the inner loop iterates over the columns. For each element in the row, the program adds the value to a running sum S.

Conclusion

Q1: What is the purpose of the `CLS` statement in the program?

A1: The CLS statement is used to clear the screen, ensuring that the output is not cluttered with previous results.

Q2: How does the program declare the 2D array `A`?

A2: The program declares the 2D array A with dimensions 3x3 using the following statement: DIM A(3, 3).

Q3: What is the purpose of the `FOR` loop in the program?

A3: The FOR loop is used to iterate over the rows and columns of the 2D array A. The outer loop iterates over the rows, and the inner loop iterates over the columns.

Q4: How does the program read data into the array?

A4: The program reads data into the array using the READ statement. The READ statement reads the corresponding value from the DATA statement for each element in the array.

Q5: What is the purpose of the `S` variable in the program?

A5: The S variable is used to calculate the sum of each row in the array.

Q6: How does the program calculate the sum of each row?

A6: The program calculates the sum of each row using a nested FOR loop. The outer loop iterates over the rows, and the inner loop iterates over the columns. For each element in the row, the program adds the value to a running sum S.

Q7: What is the purpose of the `DATA` statement in the program?

A7: The DATA statement provides the values to be read into the array.

Q8: How does the program print the values of the array?

A8: The program prints the values of the array using the PRINT statement. The PRINT statement prints the values of each element in the array, followed by the sum of each row.

Q9: What is the output of the program?

A9: The output of the program is the values of the array, followed by the sum of each row.

Q10: What is the significance of the program?

A10: The program demonstrates the concept of a 2D array and its manipulation. It shows how to declare a 2D array, read data into it, and calculate the sum of each row.

Conclusion

In this Q&A article, we answered the questions related to the given program. We provided a clear understanding of the program's functionality and the concepts it demonstrates. We hope this article helps readers understand the program better and gain a deeper understanding of programming concepts.