Module Verification Failure

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 87 views

Introduction

The Jetson Orin Nano is a powerful and versatile AI computing platform developed by NVIDIA. It is widely used in various applications, including robotics, autonomous vehicles, and edge computing. However, users have reported issues with loading the rtw89 module in kernel 5.15 and Jetpack 6.2 on the Jetson Orin Nano. In this article, we will explore the possible causes of this issue and provide a step-by-step guide to resolve it.

Problem Description

The problem occurs when trying to load the rtw89 module in kernel 5.15 and Jetpack 6.2 on the Jetson Orin Nano. The error message indicates that the module verification failed, and the kernel is tainted. Additionally, the dmesg output shows that the firmware load for rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin failed with error -2.

System Information

The system information is as follows:

uname -r: 5.15.148-tegra
uname -a: Linux C000 5.15.148-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Jan 7 17:14:38 PST 2025 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
lsb_release -a: No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS Release: 22.04 Codename: jammy
lsusb: Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:0489 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 4-Port USB 3.0 Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:8922 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bluetooth Radio Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:5489 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 4-Port USB 2.0 Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Error Messages

The error messages are as follows:

$ make /home/keihofung/rtw89/regd.c:724:13: warning: ‘__rtw89_reg_6ghz_power_recalc’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
$ uname -r 5.15.148-tegra
$ uname -a Linux C000 5.15.148-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Jan 7 17:14:38 PST 2025 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS Release: 22.04 Codename: jammy
$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:0489 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 4-Port USB 3.0 Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:8922 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bluetooth Radio Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:5489 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 4-Port USB 2.0 Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
$ sudo dmesg |grep rtw [ 10.702791] rtw89core: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel [ 10.789070] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: Adding to iommu group 4 [ 10.796255] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin failed with error -2 [ 10.796295] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: Falling back to sysfs fallback for: rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin [ 73.042497] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: failed to early request firmware: -110 [ 73.042695] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003) [ 73.045209] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin failed with error -2 [ 73.045218] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: Falling back to sysfs fallback for: rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin [ 134.475612] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: failed to wait firmware completion [ 134.475623] rtw89_8922ae 0001:01:00.0: failed to setup chip information [ 134.478718] rtw89_8922ae: probe of 0001:01:00.0 failed with error -22

Possible Causes

The possible causes of this issue are:

Firmware Load Failure: The firmware load for rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin failed with error -2.
Module Verification Failure: The module verification failed, and the kernel is tainted.
iommu Group: The iommu group is not properly configured.

Step-by-Step Guide to Resolve the Issue

To resolve the issue, follow these steps:

Step 1: Update the Firmware

Update the firmware to the latest version. You can do this by running the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtw89-firmware

Step 2: Rebuild the Module

Rebuild the module by running the following command:

make clean
make

Step 3: Reinstall the Module

Reinstall the module by running the following command:

sudo modprobe rtw89_8922ae

Step 4: Verify the Module

Verify the module by running the following command:

sudo dmesg |grep rtw

This should show that the module is loaded successfully.

Step 5: Configure the iommu Group

Configure the iommu group by running the following command:

sudo echo "options iommu group=4" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iommu.conf

This will configure the iommu group to include the rtw89_8922ae module.

Step 6: Reboot the System

Reboot the system by running the following command:

sudo reboot

This will load the new module and configure the iommu group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the module does not load in kernel 5.15, Jetpack 6.2 on Jetson Orin Nano due to firmware load failure, module verification failure, and iommu group configuration issues. By following the step-by-step guide provided in this article, you can resolve the issue and load the module successfully.

Additional Tips

Make sure to update the firmware to the latest version.
Rebuild the module after updating the firmware.
Reinstall the module after rebuilding it.
Verify the module after reinstalling it.
Configure the iommu group after verifying the module.
Reboot the system after configuring the iommu group.

Q: What is the issue with loading the rtw89 module in kernel 5.15 and Jetpack 6.2 on the Jetson Orin Nano?

A: The issue is caused by firmware load failure, module verification failure, and iommu group configuration issues.

Q: What are the possible causes of this issue?

A: The possible causes of this issue are:

Firmware Load Failure: The firmware load for rtw89/rtw8922a_fw.bin failed with error -2.
Module Verification Failure: The module verification failed, and the kernel is tainted.
iommu Group: The iommu group is not properly configured.

Q: How can I update the firmware to the latest version?

A: You can update the firmware to the latest version by running the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtw89-firmware

Q: How can I rebuild the module?

A: You can rebuild the module by running the following command:

make clean
make

Q: How can I reinstall the module?

A: You can reinstall the module by running the following command:

sudo modprobe rtw89_8922ae

Q: How can I verify the module?

A: You can verify the module by running the following command:

sudo dmesg |grep rtw

This should show that the module is loaded successfully.

Q: How can I configure the iommu group?

A: You can configure the iommu group by running the following command:

sudo echo "options iommu group=4" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iommu.conf

This will configure the iommu group to include the rtw89_8922ae module.

Q: Do I need to reboot the system after configuring the iommu group?

A: Yes, you need to reboot the system after configuring the iommu group. You can do this by running the following command:

sudo reboot

This will load the new module and configure the iommu group.

Q: What are some additional tips to ensure the module loads successfully?

A: Some additional tips to ensure the module loads successfully are:

Make sure to update the firmware to the latest version.
Rebuild the module after updating the firmware.
Reinstall the module after rebuilding it.
Verify the module after reinstalling it.
Configure the iommu group after verifying the module.
Reboot the system after configuring the iommu group.

Q: Can I use the rtw89 module with other kernel versions?

A: Yes, you can use the rtw89 module with other kernel versions. However, you may need to update the firmware and rebuild the module to ensure compatibility.

Q: Can I use the rtw89 module with other Jetpack versions?

A: Yes, you can use the rtw89 module with other Jetpack versions. However, you may need to update the firmware and rebuild the module to ensure compatibility.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the module does not load in kernel 5.15, Jetpack 6.2 on Jetson Orin Nano due to firmware load failure, module verification failure, and iommu group configuration issues. By following the step-by-step guide and Q&A provided in this article, you can resolve the issue and load the module successfully.