The Importance of Overseeing Antibiotic Resistance

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 149 views

Understanding the Pattern of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Adult Patients Suffering from Pneumonia in USU Hospital in January 2017-December 2018

Introduction

Pneumonia is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that affects the lungs, causing inflammation and damage to the lung tissue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Indonesia recorded around 22,000 cases of deaths from pneumonia, with 33% of 33 provinces experiencing an increase in the incidence of cases. The treatment for pneumonia patients generally includes antibiotics and supporting treatment, which is determined individually based on microorganism data and the results of sensitivity tests on antibiotics. However, the increasing cases of antibiotic resistance among pneumonia infections have become a major concern, making it essential to understand the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in adult patients suffering from pneumonia in USU Hospital in January 2017-December 2018.

Research Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in patients with pneumonia in USU Hospital during the period January 2017 to December 2018. The research purpose is to identify the types of bacteria that cause pneumonia, the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and the effectiveness of antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Research Methods

The method used in this study is a descriptive approach with cross-sectional studies. The sample studied was an adult patient diagnosed with pneumonia, with a sampling technique in the form of total sampling. The data analyzed is secondary data obtained from the patient's medical record, and the analysis is carried out using the SPSS computer program.

Research Result

Of the 50 samples analyzed, 8 types of gram-positive bacteria were found, where Streptococcus Alpha hemolyticus dominated with a percentage of 9.7%. As for gram-negative bacteria, 12 types identified, and Klebsiella pneumoniae became the most with a percentage of 21%. The results showed that some antibiotics were still effective against gram-positive bacteria with a sensitivity rate of more than 80%. The antibiotics include chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Imipenem, Chlarythromycin, Metronidazole, Ntilmicin, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacilin, Piperacilin-Tazobactam, Fosmycin, and Vancomycin. For gram-negative bacteria, antibiotics that still show sensitivity are Azithromycin, Chlarythromycin, Metronidazole, Ntilmicin, Tiekycline, Ertapenem, and Amikacin.

Conclusion

This study found that the majority of bacteria that cause pneumonia in USU Hospital were gram-negative bacteria (69.4%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was ranked highest with a percentage of 21%, followed by Acinetobacter Baumannii (16.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.7%), and Streptococcus Alpha hemolyticus (9.7%). This finding is important in developing treatment strategies and preventing antibiotic resistance among pneumonia patients.

The Importance of Overseeing Antibiotic Resistance

The condition of antibiotic resistance among pneumonia infections is increasingly worrying. This kind of research shows the need for further supervision of the pattern of resistance, to help health workers in choosing the right and effective antibiotics. Considering the complexity of results that can vary, cooperation between researchers, medical practitioners, and microbiological laboratories is needed to determine the treatment protocol that can reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in Indonesia.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Monitoring of antibiotic resistance: Regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance is essential to identify the pattern of resistance and to develop effective treatment strategies.
Development of treatment protocols: Development of treatment protocols that take into account the pattern of resistance is necessary to ensure effective treatment of pneumonia patients.
Cooperation between researchers and medical practitioners: Cooperation between researchers and medical practitioners is essential to determine the treatment protocol that can reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in Indonesia.
Education and awareness: Education and awareness among healthcare workers, patients, and the general public about the importance of antibiotic stewardship and the risks of antibiotic resistance are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study found that the majority of bacteria that cause pneumonia in USU Hospital were gram-negative bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common. The study also found that some antibiotics were still effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, the increasing cases of antibiotic resistance among pneumonia infections have become a major concern, making it essential to develop effective treatment strategies and to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Pattern of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Adult Patients Suffering from Pneumonia in USU Hospital in January 2017-December 2018

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in patients with pneumonia in USU Hospital during the period January 2017 to December 2018.

Q: What method was used in this study?

A: The method used in this study is a descriptive approach with cross-sectional studies. The sample studied was an adult patient diagnosed with pneumonia, with a sampling technique in the form of total sampling.

Q: What types of bacteria were found in this study?

A: Of the 50 samples analyzed, 8 types of gram-positive bacteria were found, where Streptococcus Alpha hemolyticus dominated with a percentage of 9.7%. As for gram-negative bacteria, 12 types identified, and Klebsiella pneumoniae became the most with a percentage of 21%.

Q: Which antibiotics were still effective against gram-positive bacteria?

A: The antibiotics that were still effective against gram-positive bacteria include chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Imipenem, Chlarythromycin, Metronidazole, Ntilmicin, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacilin, Piperacilin-Tazobactam, Fosmycin, and Vancomycin.

Q: Which antibiotics were still effective against gram-negative bacteria?

A: The antibiotics that were still effective against gram-negative bacteria include Azithromycin, Chlarythromycin, Metronidazole, Ntilmicin, Tiekycline, Ertapenem, and Amikacin.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study is significant because it provides valuable information about the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in adult patients suffering from pneumonia in USU Hospital. This information can be used to develop effective treatment strategies and to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that healthcare workers need to be aware of the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in order to choose the right and effective antibiotics for their patients. Additionally, this study highlights the need for further supervision of the pattern of resistance to help health workers in choosing the right and effective antibiotics.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Monitoring of antibiotic resistance: Regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance is essential to identify the pattern of resistance and to develop effective treatment strategies.
Development of treatment protocols: Development of treatment protocols that take into account the pattern of resistance is necessary to ensure effective treatment of pneumonia patients.
Cooperation between researchers and medical practitioners: Cooperation between researchers and medical practitioners is essential to determine the treatment protocol that can reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in Indonesia.
Education and awareness: Education and awareness among healthcare workers, patients, and the general public about the importance of antibiotic stewardship and the risks of antibiotic resistance are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study are that it was a descriptive study and did not involve a control group. Additionally, the sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: The future directions of this study are to conduct further research on the pattern of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in adult patients suffering from pneumonia in USU Hospital. Additionally, the study can be replicated in other hospitals and settings to determine the generalizability of the findings.