The Problem of Drug Resistance

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 124 views

Efficacy of Kinin-Doxycycline in the Treatment of Malaria Falciparum Without Complications in Children

Introduction

Malaria is a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in regions with a mixture of populations from endemic and non-endemic areas. The Mandailing Natal Regency in North Sumatra is one area with a high prevalence of malaria, with Plasmodium falciparum and Vivax being the most common species. Plasmodium falciparum infection has a high number of morbidity and death, even in countries such as the United States, where 50% of malaria cases are caused by plasmodium falciparum and often developed into severe malaria.

Malaria is an acute and chronic protozoa disease characterized by paroxysmal fever, cold, sweating, fatigue, anemia, and spleen enlargement. In older children, symptoms that often appear are headaches, back pain, cold, muscle pain, and fatigue. Microscopic examination is a standard standard for malaria diagnosis, with high sensitivity and specificity if done correctly.

The Problem of Drug Resistance

Drug resistance problems often arise in the treatment of falciparum malaria. Anti-malaria drugs should ideally be cheap, have good efficacy, and short treatment. Artesunat-amodiakuin is the first choice, but the price is expensive. Document, tetracycline derivative, is an effective choice for the treatment of falciparum malaria and is often combined with kinin.

Research Methodology

A random clinical research was conducted involving 116 children who received artesunates-amodiakuin (group I) and 116 children who received kinin-doxysiklin (group II). At the end of the study, 114 children in groups I and 111 children in group II continued to participate. This study uses a microscopic examination to see changes in parasitemia in the peripheral blood mourction.

Results

The results showed that group I succeeded in eliminating parasitemia completely until the 28th day, while group II showed recruitment, with positive parasitemia again on the 7th and 28th days. Although there were differences in the results, statistical analysis shows that this difference is not significant.

This study also evaluates drug side effects, such as headaches, tinnitus, and vomiting. The results show a significant difference only on tinnitus side effects.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, the combination of kinin-doxycycline can be an alternative treatment for children who suffer from falciparum malaria without complications, especially if other drugs are not available. It is essential to remember that the use of anti-malaria drugs must always be done under the supervision of competent medical personnel. Consult a doctor to get the right diagnosis and treatment recommendations in accordance with the patient's condition.

Recommendations

The use of kinin-doxycycline as an alternative treatment for falciparum malaria in children without complications.
Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of kinin-doxycycline in treating falciparum malaria.
The development of new anti-malaria drugs that are cheap, have good efficacy, and short treatment.
The implementation of malaria control programs in regions with high malaria prevalence.

Limitations of the Study

The study was conducted in a limited population and may not be representative of the general population.
The study did not evaluate the long-term effects of kinin-doxycycline treatment.
The study did not compare the efficacy of kinin-doxycycline with other anti-malaria drugs.

Future Research Directions

The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of kinin-doxycycline in treating falciparum malaria in adults.
The development of new anti-malaria drugs that are cheap, have good efficacy, and short treatment.
The implementation of malaria control programs in regions with high malaria prevalence.

Conclusion

Malaria is a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in regions with a mixture of populations from endemic and non-endemic areas. The use of kinin-doxycycline as an alternative treatment for falciparum malaria in children without complications is a promising approach. Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of kinin-doxycycline in treating falciparum malaria.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Efficacy of Kinin-Doxycycline in the Treatment of Malaria Falciparum Without Complications in Children

Q: What is malaria falciparum?

A: Malaria falciparum is a type of malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that can cause fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, and in severe cases, organ failure and death.

Q: What is kinin-doxycycline?

A: Kinin-doxycycline is a combination of two antibiotics, kinin and doxycycline, that are used to treat malaria falciparum. Kinin is a type of antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, while doxycycline is a type of antibiotic that is specifically effective against malaria parasites.

Q: How does kinin-doxycycline work?

A: Kinin-doxycycline works by killing the malaria parasites that cause the disease. The combination of kinin and doxycycline is effective against both the parasite and the bacteria that can cause secondary infections.

Q: Is kinin-doxycycline safe for children?

A: Yes, kinin-doxycycline is generally safe for children when used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. However, as with any medication, there may be side effects, such as headaches, tinnitus, and vomiting.

Q: How effective is kinin-doxycycline in treating malaria falciparum?

A: The study found that kinin-doxycycline was effective in treating malaria falciparum in children without complications. However, the study also found that the treatment was not as effective as artesunates-amodiakuin, the first-line treatment for malaria falciparum.

Q: What are the side effects of kinin-doxycycline?

A: The side effects of kinin-doxycycline may include headaches, tinnitus, and vomiting. In rare cases, the medication may cause more serious side effects, such as allergic reactions or liver damage.

Q: How long does it take for kinin-doxycycline to work?

A: The study found that kinin-doxycycline was effective in eliminating parasitemia within 28 days. However, the medication may take longer to work in some cases.

Q: Can kinin-doxycycline be used to treat other types of malaria?

A: No, kinin-doxycycline is specifically designed to treat malaria falciparum. It may not be effective against other types of malaria, such as malaria vivax or malaria ovale.

Q: How should kinin-doxycycline be taken?

A: Kinin-doxycycline should be taken exactly as directed by a healthcare professional. The medication should be taken with food and water, and the patient should be monitored for side effects.

Q: What are the potential risks of using kinin-doxycycline?

A: The potential risks of using kinin-doxycycline include allergic reactions, liver damage, and interactions with other medications. Patients should be monitored closely for side effects and should report any concerns to their healthcare professional.

Q: Can kinin-doxycycline be used in combination with other medications?

A: Yes, kinin-doxycycline may be used in combination with other medications to treat malaria falciparum. However, the patient should be monitored closely for side effects and interactions with other medications.

Q: How should kinin-doxycycline be stored?

A: Kinin-doxycycline should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. The medication should be kept out of reach of children and pets.

Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of kinin-doxycycline?

A: If you miss a dose of kinin-doxycycline, you should take the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, you should skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.

Q: Can I take kinin-doxycycline if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

A: No, kinin-doxycycline should not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women without consulting a healthcare professional. The medication may not be safe for the fetus or baby.