The Relationship Between Energy Intake and Physical Activity with the Immune System of Volleyball UKM Students at the University of North Sumatra

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 64 views

The Relationship Between Energy Intake and Physical Activity with the Immune System of Volleyball UKM Students at the University of North Sumatra

Introduction

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of an individual. It enables the body to carry out daily activities without being easily tired, which is often referred to as endurance. Various factors can influence an individual's endurance, including energy intake and physical activity. Students who are active in sports, such as volleyball, tend to have more severe physical activity compared to those who do not participate in sports. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students at the University of North Sumatra.

Methodology

This study employed an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 30 students from the Volleyball UKM University of North Sumatra were selected as the population and sample for this study. The data collected included age, energy intake, and physical activity, which were obtained through questionnaires and food recall forms. The endurance data was obtained through the Cooper test, which is a widely used method to measure endurance.

Results

The univariate test results showed that 53.3% of the volleyball students were male, indicating a slight majority of male participants. The energy intake of the students was classified as moderate, with 73.3% of the total sample falling into this category. The physical activity of the students was also classified as moderate, with 93.3% of the total sample falling into this category. The immune system of the students was found to be quite good, with 73.3% of the total sample falling into this category.

The bivariate test results showed a significant relationship between energy intake and endurance (p = 0.001). This indicates that high energy intake has a positive influence on endurance. However, the results of the bivariate test did not show a significant relationship between physical activity and endurance (p = 0.941). This suggests that while physical activity is an important component for increasing endurance, other factors, such as energy intake, have a more dominant role in determining the body's endurance of volleyball students.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that energy intake plays a more significant role in determining the endurance of volleyball students compared to physical activity. This may be due to several factors, including the intensity and duration of the exercise, which are relatively the same among volleyball students, while their energy intake varies. This study highlights the importance of adequate energy intake and healthy eating patterns in maintaining endurance, especially for those who are active in sports.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that students of Volleyball UKM University of North Sumatra pay more attention to their diet. The application of eating patterns in accordance with balanced nutrition guidelines, such as consuming vegetables and fruit, choosing high protein side dishes, drinking adequate water, and doing adequate physical activity, is necessary to increase their endurance. It is essential for students to understand that adequate energy intake and healthy eating patterns have an important role in maintaining endurance, especially for those who are active in sports such as volleyball.

Recommendations

Adequate Energy Intake: Students should pay attention to their energy intake and ensure that they consume a balanced diet that includes vegetables, fruits, and high protein side dishes.
Healthy Eating Patterns: Students should adopt healthy eating patterns that include consuming adequate water and doing adequate physical activity.
Physical Activity: While physical activity is an important component for increasing endurance, students should also pay attention to their energy intake and ensure that they consume a balanced diet.
Education and Awareness: Students should be educated and aware of the importance of adequate energy intake and healthy eating patterns in maintaining endurance.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students over a longer period.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students in different populations, such as professional athletes and non-athletes. Additionally, future research should aim to investigate the effects of different types of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training and endurance training, on the immune system of volleyball students.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of adequate energy intake and healthy eating patterns in maintaining endurance, especially for those who are active in sports such as volleyball. The results of this study suggest that energy intake plays a more significant role in determining the endurance of volleyball students compared to physical activity. Therefore, it is essential for students to pay attention to their diet and adopt healthy eating patterns to maintain their endurance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Relationship Between Energy Intake and Physical Activity with the Immune System of Volleyball UKM Students at the University of North Sumatra

Q: What is the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students?

A: The study found that energy intake plays a more significant role in determining the endurance of volleyball students compared to physical activity. High energy intake has a positive influence on endurance, while physical activity does not have a significant relationship with endurance.

Q: What are the benefits of adequate energy intake for volleyball students?

A: Adequate energy intake is essential for maintaining endurance, especially for those who are active in sports such as volleyball. It helps to increase energy levels, improve physical performance, and reduce the risk of injury.

Q: What are the recommended eating patterns for volleyball students?

A: The recommended eating patterns for volleyball students include consuming vegetables and fruits, choosing high protein side dishes, drinking adequate water, and doing adequate physical activity. A balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups is essential for maintaining endurance.

Q: How can volleyball students ensure that they are consuming adequate energy intake?

A: Volleyball students can ensure that they are consuming adequate energy intake by paying attention to their diet and adopting healthy eating patterns. They should aim to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups, and avoid skipping meals or relying on processed foods.

Q: What are the consequences of inadequate energy intake for volleyball students?

A: Inadequate energy intake can lead to fatigue, decreased physical performance, and increased risk of injury. It can also affect the immune system, making volleyball students more susceptible to illness and infection.

Q: Can physical activity alone improve endurance in volleyball students?

A: While physical activity is an important component for increasing endurance, it is not enough to improve endurance in volleyball students. Adequate energy intake is also essential for maintaining endurance, and should be combined with regular physical activity.

Q: How can volleyball students balance their energy intake and physical activity?

A: Volleyball students can balance their energy intake and physical activity by paying attention to their diet and adopting healthy eating patterns. They should aim to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups, and combine it with regular physical activity.

Q: What are the recommendations for volleyball students who are struggling to maintain endurance?

A: Volleyball students who are struggling to maintain endurance should seek advice from a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian. They should also consider consulting with a sports nutritionist who can provide personalized advice on how to improve their energy intake and physical activity.

Q: Can the results of this study be applied to other populations, such as professional athletes and non-athletes?

A: While the results of this study are specific to volleyball students, they can be applied to other populations, such as professional athletes and non-athletes. However, it is essential to consider the individual needs and circumstances of each population when applying the results.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students over a longer period.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the immune system of volleyball students in different populations, such as professional athletes and non-athletes. Additionally, future research should aim to investigate the effects of different types of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training and endurance training, on the immune system of volleyball students.