Understanding the Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on the Stock Market

Oct 13, 2025 by pynkocean.com 104 views

The Effect of Inflation, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Amount of Money Supply, and GDP Growth on the Composite Stock Price Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2016-2019 Period)

Understanding the Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on the Stock Market

In the world of investment, an understanding of macroeconomic factors that affect the stock market is crucial for making informed decisions. The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is one of the largest stock exchanges in Southeast Asia, and the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is a key indicator of the overall performance of the market. This study focuses on the influence of inflation, exchange rates, interest rates, money supply, and growth of gross domestic product (GDP) on the CSPI on the IDX during the 2016 to 2019 period.

Methodology and Data Analysis

This study utilizes a Literature Study Approach, which involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on the topic. The data used in this study is quantitative in nature, with a type of time series data. The analysis process conducted in this study includes a classic assumption test and hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression statistical methods. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that influence the CSPI on the IDX.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the CSPI

The analysis of this study reveals that simultaneously, all of the macroeconomic variables considered in this study have an influence on the CSPI. However, a more in-depth analysis shows that partially, inflation variables, exchange rates, interest rates, and GDP growth do not have a significant effect on the CSPI. This suggests that these variables may not be as influential as previously thought.

Inflation: A Double-Edged Sword

High inflation is often an indicator of economic instability, which can affect people's purchasing power. However, this study shows that inflation does not directly affect the CSPI. This may be caused by a company strategy that can adjust the selling price of their products to maintain profit margin. Companies that are able to adapt to inflationary pressures tend to maintain the performance of their shares.

Exchange Rate: A Fluctuating Factor

Changes in the exchange rate can affect companies that export and import. However, this impact is not always reflected directly in the CSPI. Companies that are able to adapt to exchange rate fluctuations tend to maintain the performance of their shares. This suggests that exchange rate fluctuations may not be as significant a factor in determining the CSPI as previously thought.

Interest Rates: A Financing Cost

A high interest rate can reduce the attractiveness of investment in the stock market, because investors tend to choose safer instruments such as deposits. However, this study found that there was no significant influence on the interest rate on the CSPI. This suggests that IDX investors might focus more on the potential growth of the company's growth compared to financing costs.

GDP Growth: A Mixed Bag

GDP growth is usually associated with positive economic growth, which can encourage investor confidence. However, the results of this study indicate that in that period, GDP growth did not have a significant effect on the CSPI. This can be caused by political and economic uncertainty, which also plays a role in investment decisions.

Money Supply: The Main Driver

Increasing the amount of money supply can create liquidity in the market, which encourages investors to invest more in stocks. When liquidity increases, the opportunity to experience an increase in stock prices also increases. This study found that the money supply has proven to be the main driver for the growth of the CSPI.

Conclusion

Overall, this research provides important insights on the factors that influence the CSPI on the IDX during the 2016-2019 period. Although some macroeconomic variables do not have a partial significant influence, the money supply has proven to be the main driver for the growth of the CSPI. A better understanding of the influence of these factors can help investors in making investment decisions that are more appropriate in the Indonesian stock market.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

Investors should focus on the potential growth of the company's growth compared to financing costs.
Companies should adapt to inflationary pressures and exchange rate fluctuations to maintain the performance of their shares.
The government should consider the impact of monetary policy on the stock market and adjust interest rates accordingly.
Investors should consider the liquidity of the market when making investment decisions.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

The study only considers the 2016-2019 period, which may not be representative of the entire period.
The study only considers a limited number of macroeconomic variables.
The study assumes that the relationships between the variables are linear, which may not be the case in reality.

Future Research Directions

Future research should consider the following directions:

Investigating the impact of other macroeconomic variables on the CSPI.
Considering a longer period of time to ensure that the results are representative of the entire period.
Using more advanced statistical methods to analyze the relationships between the variables.

By understanding the impact of macroeconomic factors on the stock market, investors can make more informed decisions and achieve better returns on their investments.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the Effect of Inflation, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Amount of Money Supply, and GDP Growth on the Composite Stock Price Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2016-2019 Period)

Q: What is the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) and why is it important?

A: The CSPI is a key indicator of the overall performance of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). It measures the average price of stocks traded on the IDX and is used to gauge the health of the stock market.

Q: What are the macroeconomic variables that affect the CSPI?

A: The macroeconomic variables that affect the CSPI include inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, amount of money supply, and GDP growth.

Q: How does inflation affect the CSPI?

A: Inflation does not directly affect the CSPI. Companies that are able to adapt to inflationary pressures tend to maintain the performance of their shares.

Q: How does the exchange rate affect the CSPI?

A: Changes in the exchange rate can affect companies that export and import. However, this impact is not always reflected directly in the CSPI. Companies that are able to adapt to exchange rate fluctuations tend to maintain the performance of their shares.

Q: How does the interest rate affect the CSPI?

A: A high interest rate can reduce the attractiveness of investment in the stock market, because investors tend to choose safer instruments such as deposits. However, this study found that there was no significant influence on the interest rate on the CSPI.

Q: How does GDP growth affect the CSPI?

A: GDP growth is usually associated with positive economic growth, which can encourage investor confidence. However, the results of this study indicate that in that period, GDP growth did not have a significant effect on the CSPI.

Q: What is the main driver of the growth of the CSPI?

A: The money supply has proven to be the main driver for the growth of the CSPI. Increasing the amount of money supply can create liquidity in the market, which encourages investors to invest more in stocks.

Q: What are the implications of this study for investors?

A: Investors should focus on the potential growth of the company's growth compared to financing costs. Companies should adapt to inflationary pressures and exchange rate fluctuations to maintain the performance of their shares.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study only considers the 2016-2019 period, which may not be representative of the entire period. The study only considers a limited number of macroeconomic variables. The study assumes that the relationships between the variables are linear, which may not be the case in reality.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should consider the impact of other macroeconomic variables on the CSPI. Considering a longer period of time to ensure that the results are representative of the entire period. Using more advanced statistical methods to analyze the relationships between the variables.

Q: What are the practical implications of this study for policymakers?

A: Policymakers should consider the impact of monetary policy on the stock market and adjust interest rates accordingly. The government should also consider the impact of inflationary pressures and exchange rate fluctuations on the stock market.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the Indonesian economy?

A: The study suggests that the Indonesian economy is vulnerable to changes in the money supply. Policymakers should consider the impact of monetary policy on the stock market and adjust interest rates accordingly.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the stock market?

A: The study suggests that the stock market is influenced by the money supply. Investors should focus on the potential growth of the company's growth compared to financing costs.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the financial sector?

A: The study suggests that the financial sector is influenced by the money supply. Financial institutions should consider the impact of monetary policy on the stock market and adjust their strategies accordingly.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the economy as a whole?

A: The study suggests that the economy is influenced by the money supply. Policymakers should consider the impact of monetary policy on the stock market and adjust interest rates accordingly.